A Daily, Weekly, Monthly and Yearly Bike Maintenance Checklist

Check tire air pressure  

Check brakes and cables

Be sure your crank set is tight

Be sure quick release hubs are tight

Inspect tires for glass, gravel shards, and cuts on tread and sidewall

Check wheels for true

Clean the bike's mechanical parts as necessary. Once a week or every 200 miles: Lubricate chain 

Completely clean the bike, including the drivetrain if necessary

Inspect chain and freewheel. Measure the chain for wear, check for tight links and replace the chain if necessary

Inspect and lubricate brake levers, derailleurs and all cables

Inspect pedals and lubricate SPD style cleats. Inspect tires for wear; rotate or replace if needed  

Inspect and check for looseness in the: 1. Stem binder bolt, 2. Handlebar binder bolt, 3. Seatpost binder bolt, 4. Seat fixing bolt, 5. Crank bolts,6.  Chainring bolts, 7. Derailleur mounting bolts,8.  Bottle cage bolts, 9. Rack mounting bolts, 10. Brake and derailleur cable anchors, 11. Brake and shifter lever mounting bolts, Brake mounting bolts.

Inspect frame and fork for paint cracks or bulges that may indicate frame or part damage; pay particular attention to all frame joints.  

Visually inspect for bent components: seat rails, seat post, stem, handlebars, chainrings, crankarms, brake calipers and brake levers.  

Inspect and readjust bearings in headset, hubs, pedals and bottom bracket (if possible; some sealed cartridge bearings cannot be adjusted, only replaced).

Disassemble and overhaul; replace all bearings (if possible); and remove and if necessary replace all brake and shift cables. This should be performed at 6,000 miles if you ride more than that per year. If you often ride in the rain or mountain bikers who get dirty should overhaul their bicycles more often.